Fenomena Anak Putus Sekolah di Gunungkidul: Analisis Sosiologi dan Antropologi Pendidikan terhadap Faktor Ekonomi dan Pernikahan Dini

Abstract

Economic factors and the practice of child marriage have rendered school dropout rates in Gunungkidul a deeply complex issue. This research aims to understand the intricate relationship between household economic pressure, cultural norms supporting early marriage, and the resulting low levels of educational persistence. By employing a dual perspective, this study utilizes educational sociology to examine how social structures and economic inequality restrict access to schooling, while educational anthropology investigates how local cultural values shape the community's perception of the importance of formal education. The findings indicate that economic barriers and the tradition of child marriage significantly obstruct formal education, thereby creating a self-perpetuating cycle of poverty that is difficult to break. This research highlights that the decision to leave school is rarely a singular choice but rather a consequence of systemic pressures where financial survival often takes precedence over long-term educational goals. Furthermore, cultural acceptance of early marriage serves as a socially sanctioned "exit" from the financial burden of schooling. To address these challenges, the study provides several strategic recommendations. Economic empowerment for families is crucial to alleviate the immediate need for child labor or early marriage as a financial solution. Additionally, the strengthening of educational policies—specifically those targeting rural retention—and intensive community education regarding the long-term benefits of schooling are essential. These integrated solutions are vital for dismantling the structural and cultural barriers in Gunungkidul, ultimately fostering a more equitable and sustainable educational environment for the younger generation.